Io Plasma Torus
A bagel-shaped region of trapped sulfur ions around Jupiter that
originates from the surface of Io, one of Jupiter’s moons.
Gravitational tidal forces between Jupiter, other Galilean moons,
and Io cause tidal friction in Io’s interior, producing
geysers that spew sulfur at tremendous speeds. Some of the sulfur
ions leave Io’s surface and become trapped around
Jupiter.